★ Empty cToken-style market (zero supply/borrow)
Kamino Lend's assessment for RD-F-070 — scored gray on the v1.7.0 rubric. The evidence below is the curator's reasoning for this score.
Evidence summary #
Not a Compound V2 fork. Per taxonomy PD-024, F070 is N/A for non-Compound-fork protocols. klend is original Rust/Anchor on Solana. All active markets have substantial supply. Precision-loss bug (cToken exchange rate) fixed pre-exploitation by Certora (March 2025).
Detail #
Kamino Lend is not a Compound V2 fork. The klend program is an original Rust/Anchor implementation. Per taxonomy §Category 4 PD-024: 'RD-F-070 ★ (empty cToken-style market) — N/A for non-Compound-fork protocols; ★ critical still applies when the protocol IS a Compound fork.' Since klend is not a Compound fork, the factor is gray (not applicable). Architecture uses ReserveCollateral (cToken-analog) with exchange rate formula: collateral_amount * total_liquidity / total_collateral_supply. A precision-loss rounding bug in this formula was identified by Certora and fixed before exploitation (March 2025 — this is the sibling ERC-4626-class risk, addressed by formal verification). All active markets have non-trivial supply: Main $1.63B, Prime $575M, Maple $262M, JLP $131M. No empty-market pattern identified.
Sources #
- GovernanceKamino Lend Monthly Risk Insights February 2026Feb 2026 risk report — Main $1.63B, Prime $575M, Maple $262M, JLP $131M supplyretrieved 2026-04-27
- 00-profile.mdProtocol profile §5 — not a fork, original Rust/Anchor implementationretrieved 2026-04-27
- Certora — Securing Kamino LendingCertora audit — precision loss bug in exchange rate formula, fixed pre-exploitationretrieved 2026-04-27
Methodology #
Determine whether any listed Compound V2-fork market has `totalSupply == 0` and `totalBorrow == 0`, the precondition for a donation-exploit.
See the full factor methodology and distribution across all protocols →